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Secure property rights.$  ""  H  0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.>3~+D=' = @B +"F  0 MEP(  q   x'0e0e?Rectangle 2``    CWashington Consensus Mark 2: Market Infrastructural Institution-ism0D @&"&"D ,   x,0e0e?Rectangle 30`   `Phenomena like (a) Good bye financial repression, hello financial crash; (b) replacing public monopolies with private monopolies; (c) more inequality without efficiency gains => so Washington Consensus Mark 1 got dethroned Washington Consensus Mark 2 emerged in mid-1980s, e.g. new institutional economics: Get the institutions right by bringing the state back in to ensure transparent rule of law; adequate prudential regulations and monitoring; effective competition policy; and protection of property rights  institutions trump all other factors (Dani Rodrik) is the present mantra of the World Bankx\ Z"*&T"8&&"]&\ H  0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.r+D=' = @B +"K 0 RJp(  J   xe0e0e?Rectangle 2@   ~"African governance unusually bad? *# !&'"(# X   xhj0e0e?Rectangle 30P  DGood governance requires resources, e.g. computerisation of records, technical training, adequate compensation for civil service In competitiveness scoring, Singapore ranks high in governance index. Singapore has highest-paid cabinet in the world After controlling for income level, is African governance unusually bad? NOE E E H  0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.6\:+D=' = @B +" 0 " (   z  RA??Picture 2`` H  0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.rp+D=' = @B +"] 0 d\$(  $: $  x0e0e?Rectangle 4``#   nInstitution trumps everything? &( z $ RA??Picture 5`H $ 0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.6C+D=' = @B +" 0 "((  (z ( RA??Picture 2`P`H ( 0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.rp1t+D=' = @B +" 0 ,(  ,v ,  x40e0e?Rectangle 2@   ZInstitutional fundamentalism is unjustified because one-variable primacy is non-historical[ [&([  ,  x0e0e?Rectangle 3  Regressions show statistical significance of tropical African dummy despite presence of various proxies of institutions Hall-Jones institutionalist interpretation China and Vietnam grew despite primitive institutions  because at their initial stage of development, getting the prices right was sufficient to begin industrialization process$V  z$V H , 0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.6CD+D=' = @B +"  0 0M(  0z 0  x0e0e?Rectangle 2``   ^Two Blind Spots in Wash-Con=> State must provide more than Market Infrastructural Institutions_ _&$_  0  x0e0e?Rectangle 3  CNo acknowledgment of state-initiated scientific innovations as engine of growth trade-led growth or science-led growth Africa more trade-oriented than Latin America export composition of East Asia more high-tech than Latin America No acknowledgement of poverty traps, i.e. no recognition that there are limits to self-help RP  \  P " ] D H 0 0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.634(+D=' = @B +"< 0 04,(  4} 4  xJ0e0e?Rectangle 2``   aBlind Spots of Wash-Con come from Ignoring Different Types of Growth Barriers: one size fits all b b&(b o 4  xO0e0e?Rectangle 3@   WLatin American difficulties in moving from middle-income to high-income = inability to transition to knowledge-led growth Above barrier now faced by Malaysia, race-based policies means using only 60% of national brain power Sub-Sahara African difficulties in moving from absolute poverty to low-income = inability to get out of poverty trap X ZX"!X H 4 0޽h ? 3380___PPT10.:"e  0 ld@8(  8 8  x(f0e0e?Rectangle 2`   LFixing 1st blind spot: Science infrastructure not just market infrastructure>M $,C$M 4 8  xl0e0e?Rectangle 3  h Primacy of culture of excellence University-state-business coalition Different funding mechanisms for basic research, and for applied research: public funding and private funding respectively (e.g. NSF and venture capital) New industrial policy: more human capital, less physical capital.! ! ! H 8 0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.60y#+D=' = @B +"  0  `<(  <[ <  x80e0e?Rectangle 2`` p   Fixing the 2nd blind spot: MDGs>  $,$   <  x0e0e?Rectangle 3  INatural mechanism? In US development, labor flowed from poor to rich areas, and capital flowed from rich to poor Capital that flow was public capital for infrastructure: interstate, rural electrification, land grant universities [manpower training and focus on ecology-specific problems] Rich provinces subsidizing backward provinces (US previously, China presently). 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Slide 7Institution trumps everything?Slide 9[Institutional fundamentalism is unjustified because one-variable primacy is non-historical_Two Blind Spots in Wash-Con=> State must provide more than Market Infrastructural InstitutionsbBlind Spots of Wash-Con come from Ignoring Different Types of Growth Barriers: one size fits all MFixing 1st blind spot: Science infrastructure not just market infrastructure Fixing the 2nd blind spot: MDGs  Fonts UsedDesign Template Slide Titles 8@ _PID_HLINKSA mailto:wtwoo@ucdavis.edumailto:wtwoo@ucdavis.edu_?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~Root EntrydO)PicturesDCurrent UserSummaryInformation(PowerPoint Document(#`SDocumentSummaryInformation8